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Korean red ginseng is produced through a steaming and drying process from raw Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) to enhance safety, preservation and efficacy. ^[1] In the course of the steaming process, ginseng starch is gelatinised, resulting in an increase in ginseng saponin ('ginsenosides') content. ^[2] Ginsenosides are the major active ingredients found in ginseng which are responsible for its biological and pharmacological activities. ^[3] Other than ginsenosides, non-saponin active ingredients such as acidic polysaccharide, polyacetylene, phenolic compound, minerals and AFG amino sugar also contribute to the rich benefits of Korean red ginseng.

_{[1] Kim H, Hong MK, Choi H, Moon HS, Lee HJ. Chemopreventive effects of korean red ginseng extract on rat hepatocarcinogenesis. J Cancer. 2015 Jan 1;6(1):1-8. doi: 10.7150/jca.10353. PMID: 25553083; PMCID: PMC4278909. [2] Nam, K.Y. (2005). The Comparative Understanding between Red Ginseng and White Ginsengs, Processed Ginsengs (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Journal of Ginseng Research, 29, 1-18.
[3] Seung Eun Yu, Benjamin Mwesige, Young-Su Yi, Byong Chul Yoo, Ginsenosides: the need to move forward from bench to clinical trials, Journal of Ginseng Research, Volume 43, Issue 3, 2019, Pages 361-367, ISSN 1226-8453, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2018.09.001.}

The 7 benefits of Korean red ginseng as certified by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety are: 
• Boosting the immune system
• Assisting recovery from fatigue 
• Inhibiting platelet aggregation and thereby facilitating blood circulation 
• Supporting memory function 
• Improving antioxidant enzyme activities
• Relieving menopausal symptoms
• Regulate blood glucose

In addition, other studies suggest numerous health benefits of Korean red ginseng, such as:
• Increasing T-cells, B-cells and white blood cells to improve the body's immune response ^[1]
• Enhancing pneumococcal Δ pep27 vaccine efficacy ^[2]
• Enhancing Influenza A (H1N1) vaccine-induced immune response and providing protection against H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus infections ^[3,4] 
• Preventing the onset of common cold symptom complex, including flu ^[5]
• Regulating blood pressure ^[6,7]
• Improving blood sugar control ^[8,9,10] 
• Lowering cholesterol levels ^[11]
• Providing anti-wrinkle effects and inhibiting collagen degradation ^[12]
• Improving muscular fatigue and protecting muscle injury after vigorous exercise ^[13]

_{[1] Hyun SH, Ahn HY, Kim HJ, Kim SW, So SH, In G, Park CK, Han CK. Immuno-enhancement effects of Korean Red Ginseng in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Ginseng Res. 2021 Jan;45(1):191-198. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.08.003. Epub 2020 Sep 16. PMID: 33437171; PMCID: PMC7790881.
[2] Lee SO, Lee S, Kim SJ, Rhee DK. Korean Red Ginseng enhances pneumococcal Δpep27 vaccine efficacy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production. J Ginseng Res. 2019 Apr;43(2):218-225. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.007. Epub 2017 Dec 9. PMID: 30962736; PMCID: PMC6437420.
[3] Xu, M. L., Kim, H.-J., Choi, Y.-R., & Kim, H.-J. (2012, October 15). Intake of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Saponin Enhances the Protection Conferred by Vaccination with Inactivated Influenza A Virus. Journal of Ginseng Research. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.4.396
[4] Yoo DG, Kim MC, Park MK, Song JM, Quan FS, Park KM, Cho YK, Kang SM. Protective effect of Korean red ginseng extract on the infections by H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses in mice. J Med Food. 2012 Oct;15(10):855-62. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0017. Epub 2012 Aug 2. PMID: 22856395; PMCID: PMC3466917.
[5] Kaneko H, Nakanishi K. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: clinical effects of medical ginseng, korean red ginseng: specifically, its anti-stress action for prevention of disease. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Jun;95(2):158-62. doi: 10.1254/jphs.fmj04001x5. PMID: 15215639.
[6] Han KH, Choe SC, Kim HS, Sohn DW, Nam KY, Oh BH, Lee MM, Park YB, Choi YS, Seo JD, Lee YW. Effect of red ginseng on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and white coat hypertension. Am J Chin Med. 1998;26(2):199-209. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X98000257. PMID: 9799972.
[7] Cha TW, Kim M, Kim M, Chae JS, Lee JH. Blood pressure-lowering effect of Korean red ginseng associated with decreased circulating Lp-PLA2 activity and lysophosphatidylcholines and increased dihydrobiopterin level in prehypertensive subjects. Hypertens Res. 2016 Jun;39(6):449-56. doi: 10.1038/hr.2016.7. Epub 2016 Feb 4. PMID: 26843120.
[8] Hong YJ, Kim N, Lee K, Hee Sonn C, Eun Lee J, Tae Kim S, Ho Baeg I, Lee KM. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) ameliorates type 1 diabetes and restores immune cell compartments. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Nov 21;144(2):225-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.009. Epub 2012 Aug 19. PMID: 22925946.
[9] Bang H, Kwak JH, Ahn HY, Shin DY, Lee JH. Korean red ginseng improves glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Food. 2014 Jan;17(1):128-34. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2889. PMID: 24456363; PMCID: PMC3901349.
[10] Vuksan V, Sung MK, Sievenpiper JL, Stavro PM, Jenkins AL, Di Buono M, Lee KS, Leiter LA, Nam KY, Arnason JT, Choi M, Naeem A. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves glucose and insulin regulation in well-controlled, type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of efficacy and safety. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008 Jan;18(1):46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2006.04.003. Epub 2006 Jul 24. PMID: 16860976. 
[11] Kim SY, Seo SK, Choi YM, Jeon YE, Lim KJ, Cho S, Choi YS, Lee BS. Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Menopause. 2012 Apr;19(4):461-6. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182325e4b. PMID: 22027944.
[12] Kang TH, Park HM, Kim YB, Kim H, Kim N, Do JH, Kang C, Cho Y, Kim SY. Effects of red ginseng extract on UVB irradiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jun 25;123(3):446-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.022. Epub 2009 Mar 26. PMID: 19501277.
[13] Kim H.D., Nho H.S., Khil J.H. The effect of Korean Red ginseng supplement on CK, GOT, peak torque, and ROM after strenuous downhill running. Korean J Sport Sci. 2004;15:53–62.}

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the traditional medicinal plants cultivated in Korea, and it has been widely used in health functional foods like Korean red ginseng, fermented red ginseng and black ginseng.

Traditionally, Korean red ginseng is produced through a steaming and drying process from raw Korean ginseng to enhance safety, preservation and efficacy. ^[1] In the course of the steaming process, ginseng starch is gelatinised, resulting in an increase in ginsenosides content. ^[2]

Other treatment methods have evolved to create fermented red ginseng and black ginseng, which claim to have higher ginsenoside content that is typically emphasized by an increase in certain ginsenosides.

What is fermented red ginseng and black ginseng?
• Fermented red ginseng refers to red ginseng that has been fermented via microorganisms
• Black ginseng is produced by steaming and drying raw ginseng up to 9 times

When red ginseng is fermented via microorganisms, the properties of red ginseng are changed upon fermentation ^[3], therefore they are unable to claim to have the same benefits as Korean red ginseng. While fermentation improves the bio-absorption of certain bioactive compounds as compared to regular red ginseng, no clinical study shows that fermented red ginseng is absorbed better than red ginseng when comparing all components.

In the case of black ginseng manufacturing, multiple steaming cycles increases certain ginsenoside contents significantly, but this process carbonises the ginseng. ^[4] When there is no proper moisture during the heat treatment, benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), a carcinogen, is produced. ^[5,6] The selection of proper raw materials is also important to prevent unsafe products. ^[4]

Jung Kwan Jang aims to provide customers with reliable efficacy through optimisation of active ingredients (saponin and non-saponin) in a safe and balanced manner that brings out the full effects of Korean red ginseng.

It is important to note that the six certified benefits of Korean red ginseng are contributed by various bioactive ingredients of Korean red ginseng, including ginsenosides (ginseng saponins), polysaccharides, polyacetylene, phenolic compounds, minerals and AFG amino sugar.

In addition, major ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1 and Rg3 are merely marker components used by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety to ascertain if a product is considered red ginseng or not, but it is not a criterion that validates the quality and efficacy of any red ginseng product. Therefore, comparing the efficacies of a ginseng product should not be limited to certain markers of ginsenoside content only.

Rather than artificially raising certain ginsenoside components, it is important to have a harmonious and balanced intake of various active ingredients (saponins and non-saponins) of Korean red ginseng so as to optimise its health benefits. 

All Jung Kwan Jang products also go through 293 tests that are repeated 7 times over 8 years period, from soil preparation to cultivation and manufacturing, to ensure the highest quality and safety.

Note: Among the 6 certified benefits of Korean red ginseng, memory improvement, blood flow improvement and antioxidation improvement were officially certified using Jung Kwan Jang Korean red ginseng products.

_{[1] Kim H, Hong MK, Choi H, Moon HS, Lee HJ. Chemopreventive effects of korean red ginseng extract on rat hepatocarcinogenesis. J Cancer. 2015 Jan 1;6(1):1-8. doi: 10.7150/jca.10353. PMID: 25553083; PMCID: PMC4278909.
[2] Nam, K.Y. (2005). The Comparative Understanding between Red Ginseng and White Ginsengs, Processed Ginsengs (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Journal of Ginseng Research, 29, 1-18.
[3] Jieun Jung, Hye Ji Jang, Su Jin Eom, Nam Soon Choi, Na-Kyoung Lee, Hyun-Dong Paik, Fermentation of red ginseng extract by the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11613P: ginsenoside conversion and antioxidant effects, Journal of Ginseng Research, Volume 43, Issue 1, 2019, Pages 20-26, ISSN 1226-8453, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2017.07.004
[4] Oh HB, Lee JW, Lee DE, Na SC, Jeong DE, Hwang DI, Kim YS, Park CB. Characteristics of Black Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) Production Using Ginseng Stored at Low Temperature after Harvest. Metabolites. 2021 Feb 10;11(2):98. doi: 10.3390/metabo11020098. PMID: 33578877; PMCID: PMC7916568.
[5] Jo E.-J., Kang S.-J., Kim A.-J. Effects of Steam-And Dry-Processing Temperatures on the Benzo(a)pyrene Content of Black and Red Ginseng. Korean J. Food Nutr. 2009;22:199–204.
[6] Cho Y.H., Song K.Y., Baek M.-K., Lee J.-W., Lee G.-W. Study on Extraction Condition and Analysis Methods of Benzopyrene in Black Ginseng. Yakhak. Hoeji. 2012;56:145–151.}

Good Base range of fruit extracts contain a very low amount of Korean red ginseng which are suitable for aged 3 and above to consume the regular dosage.

Yes, adults can consume up to 2 sticks a day. However, children aged 3 and above are recommended to keep to 1 stick a day.